In questi ultimi scorci di primavera le scuole primarie fanno i conti con i tagli di organico e con gli impegni che sanno di non poter mantenere rispetto al tempo scuola richiesto dalle famiglie in sede di iscrizione per il prossimo anno scolastico.
Gran parte del dibattito si svolge sulle scarse risorse destinate al tempo pieno, nonostante i toni trionfalistici del MIUR che continua a sostenere di aver aumentato il numero di classi con tale modello organizzativo.
Sappiamo per certo, dalle notizie che giungono dalla maggior parte delle regioni italiane, che la richiesta di tempo pieno è rimasta in gran parte insoddisfatta e le proteste, che molti comitati dei genitori stanno dispiegando, la dicono lunga in merito.
Tuttavia, concentrare l’attenzione su questa problematica rischia di far passare sotto gamba il taglio “vero”, quello più consistente e devastante sul piano organizzativo, a cui la scuola primaria è stata sottoposta.
Iniziamo con l’analisi della scheda di iscrizione alla scuola primaria , direttamente diffusa dal Ministero e che prevedeva ben quattro opzioni di orario settimanale per i genitori:
- 24 ore
- 27 ore
- 30 ore
- 40 ore
Diamo per scontato che le prime due opzioni siano state prescelte da un numero insignificante di utenti poiché inconsuete, concentrando la nostra attenzione sul modello a 30 ore che è quello maggiormente richiesto.
In molte regioni, Campania in primis, a fronte di una massiccia adesione delle famiglie ai modelli a 30 e 40 ore, le scuole sono state fortemente penalizzate, non solo negando il tempo pieno alla gran parte oppure assegnandolo in molti casi senza un criterio visibile, ma “tagliando” le 30 ore a 27 su tutte le prime e su tutte le seconde classi della primaria.
Il modello matematico di calcolo operato dal sistema per le classi a tempo normale, è stato utilizzato non come parametro di computo, come dovrebbe essere, ma come sistema di assegnazione delle risorse dell’organico tal quale.
Tuttavia, le opzioni prevedevano chiaramente il modello a 30 ore che non è stato garantito ai genitori che lo avevano prescelto.
Le ripercussioni sul piano organizzativo sono severe. Infatti, ogni sette classi, prime o seconde che siano, si perde una cattedra, le pochissime compresenze sono limitate alle ore di religione e, quindi, inesistenti sul piano della loro fruibilità organizzativa poiché in ogni classe ci sono alunni che non si avvalgono dell’IRC e bisogna utilizzarle per le attività alternative.
Infine, ci sia trova di fronte ad un dilemma che nessuno chiarisce:
il sempre più opprimente parametro di calcolo è anche garanzia di livello minimo di servizio? Oppure, come recita l’atto di indirizzo del MIUR sulla scuola primaria, ogni scuola utilizza le ore come meglio crede ( e progetta)?
Non è una domanda da poco poiché molti genitori sono convinti che al figlio che frequenterà la terza, quarta o quinta il prossimo anno, “ spettano” 30 ore di lezione a settimana mentre gli alunni delle prime e delle seconde devono accontentarsi di 27.
Ecco di nuovo il parametro di calcolo che diventa sistema, con danni notevoli sull’organizzazione e classi della stessa scuola che avranno orari di ingresso e di uscita diversi, con svantaggi notevoli per i genitori e per i servizi comunali di supporto ( trasporti, nonni vigile … ecc. )
Mentre l’opinione pubblica viene spostata sulle problematiche del tempo pieno, insignificanti o quasi dal punto di vista degli organici complessivi ( regionali e nazionali) delle scuole, si mette a tacere il ben più sostanzioso taglio sulle prime e sulle seconde che, moltiplicando le classi “tagliate a 27 ore”, sottrae tempo scuola in maniera molto più copiosa e non garantisce una scelta compiuta dai genitori che ha uguale dignità delle altre tre opzioni presenti sulla scheda di iscrizione.
Domenico Ciccone
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